In the event the intuition try telling you that your particular place of work was bad, it should be bad. If the anxiety is by using the fresh rooftop, in the event you you’re feeling discrimination, if the health was suffering-as well as this will be happening on a regular basis, there was a large problem.
But genetically, let’s see what we can expect
Lots of people have the oral history that “grandma was a full blooded Indian” in their family. Or maybe it’s grandpa, or great or great-great-grandma or grandpa.
They take the appropriate DNA test, the Y-line test for the paternal line, or the mitochondrial test for the maternal line…and they anxiously wait for results. The results come back, and are not at all what was expected. Why?
But, for this conversation, let’s say that is the case – that your ancestor is directly descended either paternally or maternally – so the Native heritage should be reflected in the haplogroup results. Let’s take a look at this example from the book Shawnee Heritage I by Don Greene to see why the DNA might not show up exactly as expected.
Hannah LaForce aka Hannah Fisher – born in 1748. A mulatto adopted into the Shawnee Tribe. Hannah was the daughter of Betty LaForce and a white man, likely Rene LaForce. Betty was a former LaForce slave captured in 1780 at Martin’s Station and subsequently given to Fredrick Fisher, another adopted white She was freed by Fisher but never left the Indians. She was a wife first to a Native man. Her second husband was Fredrick Fisher, the white man who had freed her. Her children with the Native man took the LaForce surname and it’s unknown if she had any children with Fredrick Fisher.
Whew….let’s sort this out. Before we start, let’s say, for the record, that Hannah LaForce was indeed Native, by adoption, regardless of her genetic genesis or heritage.
Hannah’s mother was a slave, and presumed of African heritage. So Hannah’s mitochondrial DNA would likely be African. She doesn’t carry a Y chromosome, but if she were a male, her Y chromosome would have been European. Yet, she was an Indian and that’s the only snippet of history that her descendants 200+ years later would receive.
Well, to begin with, the ancestor must be descended either directly paternally, or maternally, for these tests to pick up the Native lines
Hannah’s first husband was Native. The children of this marriage, according look at this now to this document, carried the LaForce surname, which was hers. This wasn’t terribly foreign as maternal naming was common, especially in situations where the father was Native and the mother was mixed or non-Native and had a surname. So with the first husband, her male children would carry presumably Native Y-line DNA but a European surname. Both her male and female children carried her African mitochondrial DNA.
Her children, if she had any, from her second marriage, would carry her mitochondrial DNA, which is African, and the European DNA of their white father, even though he too was an Indian, a tribal member, by adoption.
In the next generation, her male children would not pass on her mitochondrial DNA. Her sons’ children would have their wives mtdna. But they would pass on either the European or Native Y chromosome, depending on which father they had. Hannah’s female children passed on Hannah’s African mitochondrial DNA.
Fast forward some several generations, like 7 or . Hannah’s descendants had continued to marry both within and outside of the tribe. Mostly, they interpant prejudice against people of “color.” The specifics of their heritage are entirely erased, but there is a persistent rumor that someone was an Indian.