Baseline features
7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Fifteen studied dietary sources of calcium (n=810 calcium, n=723 controls),16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 and 51 studied calcium supplements (n=6547 calcium, n=5710 controls).7 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 26 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Table 1 ? shows study design and selected baseline characteristics for included studies of dietary calcium. Tables 2 and 3 show the study design and selected baseline characteristics for trials of calcium supplements, without and with additional vitamin D, respectively. ? ? Further details are in tables A-C in appendix 2. Of the 15 randomised controlled trials of dietary sources of calcium, 10 used milk or milk powder, two used dairy products, and three used hydroxyapatite preparations. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, 36 studied calcium monotherapy, 13 co-administered CaD, and two were multi-arm studies of both. Table 4 summarises other features of the trials ? . Most of them studied calcium without vitamin D in women aged <70 living in the community; the mean baseline dietary calcium intake was <800 mg/day; and most trials lasted ?2 years. A calcium dose of >500 mg/day was used in most trials, but a higher proportion of trials of calcium supplements used a dose of ?1000 mg/day. Table C in appendix 2 shows our assessment of risk of bias. Of the 15 trials of dietary sources of calcium, we assessed two as low risk of bias, six as moderate risk, and seven as high risk. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, we assessed 19 as low risk of bias, 12 as moderate risk, and 20 as high risk.
Model of randomised managed examples and you will selected baseline attributes away from eligible products out of calcium supplements that also made use of supplement D pills
Number 1 analyses
Table 5 ? summarises the results of your own meta-analyses. Expanding calcium consumption from weight reduction source increased BMD from the 0.6-step 1.0% on total hip and you can total looks at 12 months and you will because of the 0.7-1.8% within these sites plus the lumbar spine and femoral shoulder from the a couple of years (figs step 1 and you can 2 ? ? . There’s zero influence on BMD on forearm.
Fig step one Haphazard consequences meta-investigation regarding effect of fat loss sources of calcium to your payment transform from inside the bones nutrient thickness (BMD) out of baseline during the one year
Fig hi5 abonelik iptali 2 Haphazard consequences meta-investigation off effect of slimming down types of calcium to the commission alter in bones mineral occurrence (BMD) from baseline during the 24 months
Once we restricted the brand new analyses with the a dozen randomised managed products away from whole milk otherwise dairy foods, by the excluding around three examples of hydroxyapatite, there clearly was little improvement in the outcome. Calcium enhanced BMD anyway five skeletal websites because of the 0.7-step 1.4% at 1 year (figs 3 and you will 4 ? ? ), from the 0.8-1.5% from the two years (figs 5 and 6 ? ? ), and by 0.8-1.8% from the more than two-and-a-half decades (fig seven ? ) (selection of lifetime of samples are three to five ages).