Bee Kinds Diversity
Off 2009 to help you 2018, 192 bee types (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) have been caught into the Calanques Federal Playground through one another websites and you can pan trap selections. They belonged in order to six group and you may 38 genera. Megachilidae is probably the most varieties-rich household members, with Apidae and you will Halictidae, that have 53, 49, and you will 43 varieties, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 was this new wealthiest genus, having 33 variety, whereas 7 genera was in fact portrayed by the just one species (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table step 1 [on the internet only] ). With the jackknife 1 and you may dos indexes, the full bee variety richness is actually estimated are ranging from ± 9.89 and you can ± . The fresh new observed richness for this reason depicted 71.step 3 in order to 79.6% of the projected bee richness ( Dining table 2). The fresh Chao1 approach estimated the fresh observed fullness to be 76.8% of the prospective limitation fullness ( Table 2). The quintessential numerous species are Apis mellifera L. (276 someone), with Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and 168 people, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 individuals). In the end, 50 species (26%) was indeed represented by the singular private (singletons).
Environmental Traits of Bees
Regarding your ecological faculties out-of nesting needs, i identified 59 solitary bee types nesting more than crushed, ninety-five single bee varieties nesting underground and you may 23 cleptoparasitic kinds, corresponding to 31.seven, 47.nine, and you will 12.0% of your overall bee variety fullness, respectively. I thought five societal species (bumble bees and you will honey bees-dos.1%). Fundamentally, the fresh nesting needs from fourteen species are nevertheless unknown (7.3%- Supp Table 1 [on line simply] ). Regarding the flowery diet out of bee kinds, we unearthed that 105 varieties (54.7%) foraged to your a variety of bush variety (i.e., generalist kinds, polylectic) and you may 51 types (twenty-six.5%) foraged using one plant family or you to definitely/couples plant species (i.e., expert variety, oligolectic). Toward remaining 36 bee species (18.8%), the newest flowery eating plan wasn’t understood (e.g., getting cleptoparasitic kinds). Yet not, really generalist varieties displayed a desires for example or several bush household christian cupid ( Supp Table step one [on line merely] ). On the 49 singletons, 14 bee variety (28%) was in fact gurus, and you will 9 bee variety (18%) was indeed cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table 1 [online simply] ).
A keen IUCN status try readily available for 178 varieties (leaving out new types complexes and you can unknown varieties). One particular, 47 variety were classified as studies deficient (DD-twenty six.4%), 124 kinds had been least concerned (LC-69.6%), six varieties were near threatened (NT-step 3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you may L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and one kinds is actually noticed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Dining table 1 [online merely] ). Around three oligolectic kinds had been one of several eight endangered bee variety. Good. ovatula and C. albomaculatus try specialists with the Fabaceae, D. argentata are a specialist for the Caprifoliaceae.
From 2009 in order to 2018, 38 species of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was in fact trapped inside Calanques Federal Park. It belonged to twenty-four genera ( Supp Desk dos [on line only] ). One particular numerous genera was basically Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 some body), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen some body), and Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville inside the Latreille, 1828 (13 anyone), while 20 kinds (53%) was indeed depicted by the one private ( Supp Table 2 [on line merely] ). The new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) were illustrated from the 20 kinds, as well as five singletons (25%) ( Supp Table 3 [on the internet simply] ). Brand new estimate of complete kinds richness out of hover flies and you can bee flies was anywhere between 83 and 97 types making use of the jackknife step one and you can dos indexes, correspondingly. For that reason, the brand new noticed richness depicted 59.8–69.9% of your own projected hover travel and you can bee fly fullness ( Dining table dos).