Bee Species Assortment
Of 2009 in order to 2018, 192 bee species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was trapped in Calanques National Park via one another websites and you will dish trap selections. It belonged so you’re able to half dozen https://datingranking.net/ios-hookup-apps/ families and you may 38 genera. Megachilidae try the quintessential varieties-steeped relatives, with Apidae and you can Halictidae, that have 53, forty-two, and you can 43 variety, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 try the new richest genus, which have 33 kinds, while seven genera was in fact illustrated by one species (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Desk step one [on line merely] ). Using the jackknife 1 and you may dos indexes, the total bee varieties fullness try projected to-be anywhere between ± 9.89 and you will ± . The fresh observed fullness for this reason illustrated 71.step three so you’re able to 79.6% of your projected bee richness ( Dining table 2). The Chao1 means projected the new observed richness to get 76.8% of your own potential limit fullness ( Desk dos). The most numerous kinds are Apis mellifera L. (276 some one), followed closely by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you can 168 people, respectively), and you will Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 people). In the end, 50 variety (26%) have been depicted from the only one individual (singletons).
Environment Attributes from Bees
Regarding your environment traits of nesting choices, we recognized 59 solitary bee types nesting over crushed, ninety five single bee variety nesting below ground and you will 23 cleptoparasitic varieties, comparable to 29.7, 47.9, and you may 12.0% of full bee variety fullness, correspondingly. I thought four societal variety (bumble bees and you can honey bees-dos.1%). Eventually, the latest nesting choices of 14 variety will still be not familiar (seven.3%- Supp Table step one [on the internet simply] ). Regarding the floral eating plan regarding bee variety, i unearthed that 105 species (54.7%) foraged to the a wide range of plant types (i.elizabeth., generalist types, polylectic) and you will 51 varieties (twenty-six.5%) foraged on one bush relatives or one/couple bush varieties (we.age., expert varieties, oligolectic). Into left thirty-six bee variety (18.8%), the newest flowery diet wasn’t recognized (age.g., for cleptoparasitic varieties). Although not, really generalist species showed a preference for just one or a few bush household ( Supp Desk step 1 [on line simply] ). With the 44 singletons, fourteen bee types (28%) had been gurus, and 9 bee variety (18%) had been cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step one [on the internet just] ).
A keen IUCN reputation try designed for 178 varieties (excluding the fresh new variety complexes and you will unfamiliar types). One of those, 47 types was categorized as the studies deficient (DD-26.4%), 124 kinds have been the very least concerned (LC-69.6%), half a dozen kinds have been near threatened (NT-3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you may L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), plus one kinds is actually thought endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Dining table step one [online only] ). About three oligolectic kinds have been one of the seven threatened bee varieties. An excellent. ovatula and you can C. albomaculatus is experts into the Fabaceae, D. argentata was a professional into the Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 so you’re able to 2018, 38 species of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) have been caught in Calanques National Park. It belonged in order to 24 genera ( Supp Dining table 2 [on line simply] ). The absolute most plentiful genera was in fact Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anybody), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 someone), and Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville within the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen anyone), whereas 20 kinds (53%) was illustrated because of the singular individual ( Supp Dining table 2 [on line simply] ). Brand new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) have been depicted from the 20 varieties, in addition to five singletons (25%) ( Supp Desk step three [on the internet merely] ). The fresh estimate of full varieties fullness away from hover flies and bee flies is actually anywhere between 83 and you may 97 species by using the jackknife 1 and you can dos spiders, correspondingly. Consequently, new noticed fullness portrayed 59.8–69.9% of the projected hover fly and you may bee travel fullness ( Table 2).