The prospective build faster the possibility of keep in mind and you will alternatives biases, therefore the higher level from preservation reduced prejudice on account of an excellent loss to follow along with-up. Eating plan is examined several times while in the go after-upwards, which got under consideration changes in dining routines and you can shorter measurement error; however, specific mistake are inescapable. Though shots were notice-reported, study doctors, with no knowledge of brand new self-advertised risk foundation status from users, assessed participants’ scientific suggestions to confirm the brand new coronary arrest analysis and you will categorize brand new stroke sort of. However, due to the fact twenty-four% of females with stroke on the NHS I and you can thirty two% on NHS II did not bring permission to examine their medical information, we were incapable of identify every shots since the ischemic otherwise hemorrhagic; for this reason, this new variety of heart attack systems was in fact less. Still, the huge quantity of people additionally the a lot of time lifetime of realize-right up considering sufficient capability to discover clinically related differences in risks out of full stroke and stroke designs. Additionally, this new current meta-analyses considering support in regards to our results on the weight reduction consumption regarding magnesium, potassium, and you will calcium supplements and you can risk of full coronary arrest. A major limitation of your latest research try the shortcoming to independent the fresh new independent effects of the three nutrition that have much confidence by the large correlations between them. And additionally, while the data inhabitants mainly contained Caucasian people ( 12), the outcome of the current investigation might not be generalizable to help you people otherwise ethnically varied populations.
In conclusion, is a result of such 2 large prospective knowledge give solid facts to service an enthusiastic inverse relationship anywhere between shared intakes out of magnesium, potassium, and you may calcium away from diet and stroke chance. The new separate character of each and every nutrient on reduced total of coronary attack chance is hard so you can establish. In addition, the end result of them vitamins towards threat of stroke separate off restaurants supplies is tough so you can describe. This study helps the advice of one’s Dietary Solutions to Stop Blood pressure level, Optimal Macronutrient Consumption Demo to prevent Cardiovascular disease, and you will Mediterranean diets, and therefore render higher diet consumption of those nutritional elements.
Brand new authors’ obligations was indeed below-SNA: did mathematical analyses and wrote brand new manuscript; DS, WCW, and you may KMR: given crucial viewpoints of your manuscript; and all sorts of authors: realize and recognized the very last manuscript. Nothing of one’s authors said a conflict interesting about the analysis.
FOOTNOTES
Supported by the fresh new NIH (offers UM1CA176726, UM1CA186107, D43TW009106, HL34594, CA87969, and you may HL088521) and also the Bernard Lown Heart disease Program (so you can SNA).
Procedures
Information was obtained on potential confounding factors, including medical history, other aspects dating services Military Sites of dietary intake, and lifestyle behaviors that could be associated with intake of these minerals and risk of stroke. These variables were updated biennially and included cigarette smoking (never, past, or current), physical activity (<3, 3 to <9, 9 to <18, 18 to <27, or ?27 metabolic equivalent tasks per week), menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal), postmenopausal hormone therapy use (never, past, or current), parental history of early myocardial infarction (before age 60 y), multivitamin use (yes or no), thiazide use (yes or no), aspirin use at least 2 times/wk (yes or no), and history of hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia (yes or no). Height and weight were self-reported at baseline, and weight was updated from follow-up questionnaire responses. BMI (in kg/m 2 ) was calculated as weight divided by height squared. BMI was divided into 3 categories (i.e., <25, 25 to <30, and ?30). Quintiles were calculated for total energy intake (kcal), and we used alcohol consumption categories of 0, 0 to <5, 5 to <10, 10 to <15, and ?15 g/d.
Age-standardized features off 86,149 feamales in new NHS We for the 1994 and you can 94,715 ladies in the NHS II into the 1995 because of the quintiles from magnesium, potassium, and you can calcium supplements intakes step 1
Pooled RRs (95% CIs) away from full, ischemic, and you may hemorrhagic shots by quintiles out of full and you can losing weight potassium consumption for the 86,149 ladies in new NHS I and you may 94,715 women in new NHS II step 1
Of the apparently high standard of correlation ranging from such nutritional elements, i and examined a blended magnesium, potassium, and you can calcium diet score ( Dining table 5). To have assessment of females from the high that have reduced quintiles away from shared magnesium, potassium, and calcium supplements eating plan rating, the newest pooled multivariate RR to have overall coronary arrest was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.91; P-development = 0.003). Conclusions have been comparable getting ischemic yet not hemorrhagic coronary arrest.
Talk
The fresh family ranging from intakes from magnesium, potassium, and you can calcium supplements and you may threat of coronary arrest shown in the modern data is much like the fresh new family ranging from consumption of these nutrients and you may likelihood of IHD. Inside potential training, dieting consumption from magnesium and you will potassium was in fact inversely associated with risk of IHD ( 46, 47), however, there clearly was no family members that have calcium supplements consumption and you can likelihood of IHD in females ( 48). Along with, intakes from magnesium and you can calcium yet not potassium was indeed associated with the down danger of CVD death in a few ( twenty four, 46, 49) although not most of the ( 50) education.