Statistical Data
Baseline characteristics are presented as means with standard deviation for continuous variables and numbers and percentages for categorical variables. Annual incidence rates (IR) were calculated as the number of events per 1000 person-years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HR and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) to analyze association between baseline blood pressure subgroups and cardiovascular and mortality outcomes. Additional analysis according to SBP/DBP combination groups was performed. Two-tailed P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA).
Efficiency
This research included 374,250 blood pressure levels treated Koreans 75 decades otherwise earlier (Fig. 1), whoever standard qualities because of the benefit size are given in Desk step 1. Through the indicate realize-right up of 5.six ages, 28,621 customers knowledgeable ischemic heart attack, 14,683 had MI, and you will 74,115 clients passed away. Essentially, patients with cardio enjoy chance had higher pricing out-of CVD risk factorspared so you can people and no events, people with ischemic coronary attack and you will MI occurrence had somewhat higher baseline hypertension, was basically more mature, more likely to become men, become newest smokers, become myself dry, has diabetes, dyslipidemia, and chronic renal situation. Alcohol based drinks showed more trend having ischemic coronary arrest and MI. The newest zero experiences communities had higher cost away from abdominal being obese and carrying excess fat. Surprisingly, when it comes to death, those who died had been less likely to provides dyslipidemia.
Flowchart from cohort choice. A maximum of 374 250 subjects was basically entitled to this new cohort, and you may have been implemented to own MI, ischemic coronary arrest, as well as-bring about dying up until
Cox regression analysis of adjusted HRs by SBP and DBP are shown in Fig. 2. The reference groups were SBP 120 to 129 mmHg and DBP < 70 mmHg. All three outcomes measures showed highest HRs and IRs with SBP ? 170 mmHg or DBP ? 100 mmHg, except for all-cause death with highest risk when SBP < 110 mmHg. HR by SBP followed a J-curve pattern for ischemic stroke, and a U-shaped pattern for all-cause death. The nadir SBP ranges were 120 to 129 mmHg (HR 1, reference group) and 140 to 149 mmHg (HR 0.961; 95 % CI 0.937 to 0.985) for ischemic stroke and all-cause death, respectively. For MI, SBP < 160 mmHg was a relatively homogenous group and HR significantly increased only once SBP ? 160 mmHg. Meanwhile, increasing DBP generally showed higher HRs for ischemic stroke. For MI and all-cause death, DBP up to 80 mmHg and 90 mmHg did not show any significant differences from the reference group, and HR significantly increased when DBP was ? 80 mmHg or ? 90 mmHg, respectively.
Issues rates (HR) to have ischemic heart attack, myocardial infarction (MI), and e-chat you may death depending on the systolic blood pressure level (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) group. The information and knowledge was modified to own decades, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking/ drinking/exercise/money condition, together with exposure away from all forms of diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and chronic renal problem (CKD). This new 95% count on (CI) times get while the vertical outlines into Many hours
In the SBP/DBP combination analysis, HRs stratified by SBP/DBP groups were calculated (Fig. 3). The reference group was SBP 130 to 149 mmHg/DBP < 80 mmHg. For each SBP group, higher DBP groups yielded higher HRs for all three outcomes, except when SBP ? 150 mmHg, DBP < 80 mmHg had higher HRs than when DBP was 80 to 89 mmHg, also for all three outcomes. Regardless of SBP control, patients with the highest DBPs ? 90 mmHg had higher HRs compared to the reference group. While there was no additional consistent trend in ischemic stroke and MI, in terms of all-cause death, within the same DBP group, the highest HRs lay in the SBP groups < 130 mmHg.