Specifications regarding the youths’ recreations involvement was in fact based on the Dutch Rule having Recreation Contribution Search (Richtlijn Sportdeelname Onderzoek (RSO)), that have remember symptoms adapted to complement the time period of the lookup . All the questions was preceded because of the a short need of meaning out of football contribution, in order for most of the people know exactly what sports contribution entailed: “Examples of athletics is actually football, badminton, exercise, and you can bike tours, but not creating puzzles, taking walks your dog, otherwise cycling to college. What exactly as part of the questionnaire managed the latest (a) regularity out of football participation in the previous day, (b) volume out-of sports participation on average each week (c) average lifetime of football interest, (d) the sort of recreations played, and you can (e) membership away from a sporting events otherwise fitness club. New changeable volume away from activities participation in the earlier month is an open-ended concern. Solid second thoughts were increased because of the youngsters positives about the reliability of your variable frequency of sports involvement in the last week while the children were often struggling to accurately respond to this matter. It observance triggered the decision to miss it varying from the analysis. The fresh adjustable regularity from football participation on average weekly got five address kinds: ‘just after an excellent week’, ‘twice an excellent week’, ‘3 x good week’, ‘4 times a great week’, and you will ‘5 or higher times a good week’. The fresh new variable average time of recreations craft got four respond to categories: ‘not even half an hour’, ‘ranging from a keen half and step 1 hour’, ‘ranging from step one and you will dos hours’, ‘ranging from 2 and you will 3 hours’, and you may ‘longer than 3 hours’.
Analysis data
All statistical analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS version 23. The internal consistency of the variables was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha. Mean and standard deviations were inspected, as well as the distribution properties of the variables. The following continues variables were not approximately normally distributed: total SDQ score, pro-social behaviour, effort, and reflection. The data for total SDQ score, pro-social behaviour, and effort were transformed using the square root function, after which the variables were approximately normally distributed. The reflection scale remained not normally distributed and was dropped from the analysis since no reliable outcomes would be obtained from a statistical test. To see whether there were differences between the youths across the four youth organisations, the T1 variables were compared across the participating youth organisations using ANOVA for the normally distributed variables and using Kruskal-Wallis for the ordinal variables school performance, subjective health and well-being. A paired-samples t-test was conducted to see if the average scores differed between T1 and T2 for the continues variables and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the ordinal variables.
The between-subjects factor (i.e., Group factor) in the analysis was based on the variable frequency of sports participation on average per week at T2. In order to have relatively equal group sizes, participants were divided in three groups of sports participation: no-sport group, moderate-sport group (1 or 2 times a week), high-sport group (3 or more times a week). For all variables, all assumptions for conducting repeated measures ANCOVA were met: no outliers were detected, there was homogeneity of variance (as assessed by Levene’s test), and homogeneity of covariances (as https://datingranking.net/best-hookup-sites/ assessed by Box’s test). Eta squared is reported for all the continues variables as a measure of effect size.